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Appendix B List of Symbols

Symbol Description Location
\(p_0\) the initial value of a quantity \(p\) in a DTDS Example 1.1.4
\(p_t\) the value of a quantity \(p\) after \(t\) steps in a DTDS Example 1.1.4
\(f(x)\) the output value associated with an input value of \(x\) in the function relationship represented by \(f\) Item 1
\((f \circ g)(x)\) \(f\) composed with the function \(g\text{,}\) or \(f(g(x))\) Definition 1.2.7
\(f^{-1}(x)\) the inverse function of an invertible function \(f(x)\) Definition 1.2.9
\(AROC_{[a,b]}\) the average rate of change between \(x\) values \(a\) and \(b\) for a given function Definition 1.2.13
\(t_d\) the doubling time for a given exponential growth model Assemblage
\(t_h\) the half life for a given exponential decay model Assemblage
\(b^*\) an equilibrium value for a DTDS whose dependent variable is \(b\) Definition 1.8.3
\(\lim_{x \to a}f(x)\) The limit of \(f(x)\) as \(x\) approaches \(a\) Definition 2.1.2
\(\lim_{x \to a^-}f(x)\) The limit of \(f(x)\) as \(x\) approaches \(a\) from the left Definition 2.1.4
\(\lim_{x \to a^+}f(x)\) The limit of \(f(x)\) as \(x\) approaches \(a\) from the right Definition 2.1.4
\(f'(a)\) The derivative of \(f(x)\) at the \(x\) value \(a\) Definition 2.2.3
\(f'(x)\) The derivative function of \(f(x)\) with respect to the variable \(x\) Definition 2.3.2
\(f''(x)\) The second derivative function of \(f(x)\) with respect to the variable \(x\) Definition 2.4.4
\(\frac{dy}{dx}\) The derivative function of \(y\) with respect to the variable \(x\) Paragraph
\(\frac{d}{dx}[f]\) The derivative function of \(f\) with respect to the variable \(x\) Paragraph
\(\frac{d^2 f}{dx^2}\) The second derivative function of \(f\) with respect to the variable \(x\) Paragraph
\(L(x)\) The linear approximation of a function centered at an \(x\) value Paragraph
\(Q(x)\) The quadratic approximation of a function centered at an \(x\) value Assemblage
\(\lim_{x \to \infty}f(x)\) The limit of \(f(x)\) as \(x\) gets arbitrarily large Paragraph
\(f_\infty(x)\) The leading behavior of \(f(x)\) at \(\infty\) Definition 3.7.1
\(f_{-\infty}(x)\) The leading behavior of \(f(x)\) at \(-\infty\) Definition 3.7.3
\(\int f(x) dx\) The indefinite integral of \(f(x)\) with respect to the variable \(x\) Assemblage
\(\sum_{k=1}^n f(k)\) The sum of expressions of the form \(f(k)\) as \(k\) goes from \(1\) to \(n\) Paragraph
\(L_n\) A left Riemann sum for a function on an interval using \(n\) rectangles Paragraph
\(R_n\) A right Riemann sum for a function on an interval using \(n\) rectangles Paragraph
\(M_n\) A middle Riemann sum for a function on an interval using \(n\) rectangles Paragraph
\(\int_a^b f(x) dx\) The definite integral of \(f(x)\) as \(x\) values range from \(a\) to \(b\) Definition 4.4.3
\(f_{\operatorname{AVG} [a,b]}\) The average value of \(f(x)\) on the interval \([a,b]\) Assemblage
\(\left. F(x) \right|_a^b\) The function \(F(x)\) evaluated from \(a\) to \(b\text{:}\) \(F(b) - F(a)\) Paragraph
\(\frac{dy}{dx}\bigg\vert_{(x,y)}\) The derivative of \(y\) with respect to \(x\) evaluated at the point \((x,y)\) Warm-Up 4.6.1
\(E_{\Delta t}\) An approximate value of the solution to an initial value problem using Euler’s method with a step size of \(\Delta t\) Paragraph